(12) In some NENA languages the preterite away from Classification II verbs enjoys an excellent vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- which has no precursor in the earlier languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) suggested that modern setting was regarding the latest Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), iOS Dating Seite Bewertungen wollen Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations with o otherwise u try missing additional NENA and get in lots of of the NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) All round present was noted of the a good prefix throughout NENA except Hertevin as well as in Mandaic along with Turoyo. The latest prefix takes certainly one of about three forms: (a) k- toward every verbs (complex to c- inside Urmi, offered so you’re able to ko- just before consonants when you look at the Turoyo, as well as in Zakho becoming grams- just before a voiced phoneme); (b) k- but just towards a restricted category of verbs (with voicing assimilation and often most other transform also); otherwise (c) i- towards the all the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, individual telecommunications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we do say’, but doqIx-wa-le ‘we manage to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, commonly eat’, however, sate ‘he products, tend to, can get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The fresh new k- prefix appears to be a survival of the prefix qa- out of BT, such as the ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In some eastern languages the shipment out-of k- happens to be restricted to a little group of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it has disappeared and you can started replaced by a different sort of prefix we-, and therefore probably started since the a lower type of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I would go to brand new synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla weil kIcca ‘I visited give currency to an effective girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The fresh new verb ‘give’ is actually yehav in BT, and yav inside Syriac. This has been remade in most NENA dialects through the incorporation of one’s after the l- ‘to’. The fresh imperative, that was hav during the Syriac and you can BT, is actually hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in all NENA where You will find advice, however for the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) In every NENA, the latest just one essential off qyama ‘get up’ has lost its finally m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious qu (Panoussi, 110). The fresh new plural, however, retains this new yards.
(16) In all NENA, the latest crucial off (i)zala ‘go’ was irregular: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Round the NENA, many different terms are utilized as the base having reflexive pronouns such as for example ‘myself’. He or she is: ruh- for the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- throughout the around three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you can gyan- regarding left languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
Which qa- are in itself good contraction off qa?
(18) Yet another preposition definition ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the proper execution ta, tla, otherwise tla try prevalent, regardless if perhaps not universal, within the NENA, not used in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) found cook’ (Rubba, private telecommunications), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga story ‘no one to unsealed the door in order to him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).
